1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000 This is tape number three, and I'm interviewing Clary Rosenblom. 2 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,000 How was he dressed? 3 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:37,000 He was dressed like a soldier. German soldier clothes, both of them. 4 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:42,000 And there were German soldiers waving in Auschwitz. 5 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:47,000 And then we came, and we saw barbed wire there, and what did we have? 6 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:49,000 I only saw dead bodies. 7 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:53,000 There was no barracks where the train had stopped. 8 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,000 Nothing. 9 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:58,000 Only barbed wire that we saw far away. 10 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:02,000 And all of a sudden, it went really fast. 11 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:08,000 So we stood up, and all of a sudden, we saw, you see, 12 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:13,000 that here and there and there, we saw how they did it with their hands. 13 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:19,000 But we were like... 14 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,000 I mean, I reacted anyway. 15 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:27,000 I mean, we thought we were going to be together. 16 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:34,000 And then we saw them whispering at you, who had been working on the trains. 17 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:37,000 So they started whispering. 18 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:43,000 "Mum, hold the child's hand. Hold it. You should see that you are older than you are." 19 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:47,000 "Whisper one to me." 20 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:50,000 I was so thin, you know. 21 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,000 A very thin boy. 22 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,000 "And you should see that you are older than you are." And my mum wasn't old either. 23 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:00,000 But she had a knot in her throat. 24 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:04,000 "You should see that you are older than you are." 25 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:06,000 And that was wrong, right? 26 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,000 That's why she died. 27 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:10,000 But she wasn't going to survive anyway. 28 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:13,000 Because she had... 29 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:15,000 She had something to do with the lungs. 30 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:19,000 But you know, in the ghetto, she was healthy all the time. 31 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,000 She wasn't sick. 32 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:27,000 It was a kind of virtue that she was healthy. 33 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:31,000 She didn't cough or anything in the ghetto. 34 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:35,000 What happened when you came to the German military? 35 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:37,000 We came to the German military. 36 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:41,000 And it wasn't because we had anything else to think about. 37 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:51,000 My grandmother was next to me, my mother and my sister, and suddenly they were sharing me with my mother. 38 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:56,000 And in front of us was another family. 39 00:02:56,000 --> 00:03:01,000 They didn't have any children, only one daughter. 40 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:12,000 My mother said to me, "Clary, stay next to Blanca." 41 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:15,000 "Stay next to them." 42 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:20,000 And that was the last thing my mother said to me. 43 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:25,000 And I follow her, and I see her in front of me. 44 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:32,000 And my sister, you know, she was so cute and beautiful. 45 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:41,000 And I've forgotten to tell you how happy and how much I loved my mother and father. 46 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:43,000 My mother, you know, how proud. 47 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:45,000 She was very beautiful. 48 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,000 But I don't remember her like that. 49 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:51,000 I remember her when she got sick. 50 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:57,000 My mother and father have always told me how beautiful she was. 51 00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:03,000 They told me after the war, and all the time at home as well, as I remember. 52 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:05,000 They went dancing. 53 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:11,000 And my father always brought chocolates. 54 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:20,000 And on Shabbat, they went to my grandmother, so he always brought sweets. 55 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:27,000 To my grandmother and to my mother, and to our home. 56 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:31,000 But he was so proud of her, and he said, 57 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:36,000 "The whole world is mine when I go out with her on the street." 58 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:45,000 And when they got married, they told me, those who survived, 59 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:53,000 that he, or my father, also told me how proud my father was of me when I was born. 60 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:58,000 What happened to you when you left your mother? 61 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:04,000 Yes, when I left my mother, and I actually stayed with them all the time. 62 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:09,000 With this Blanca, this Aunt Blanca, and her daughter, who was older than me. 63 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,000 Did you get asked anything? 64 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:16,000 Yes, they just told me, "Go in and take a shower." 65 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:23,000 And that we should take off everything, just keep our shoes and watches. 66 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,000 We were allowed to leave everything behind. 67 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:29,000 And then they started to cut our hair. 68 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:34,000 And there was no mirror, so we couldn't look. 69 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,000 There was no mirror. 70 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:41,000 So they didn't know how we looked. 71 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:48,000 So we got these dirty clothes on us, and I had to keep my own shoes. 72 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,000 Those who had good shoes, so. 73 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:55,000 They also had a savings from the Germans, their own shoes. 74 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:59,000 And everything down, with all the private things. 75 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:03,000 I remember that I came in a navy blue dress with white trousers, 76 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:07,000 and it looked like a sailor's dress. 77 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:15,000 And then we thought that my mother... 78 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:18,000 It just went away that we would meet again. 79 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,000 That's what we thought. Just another place. 80 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:29,000 So when we were done, and they had long hair, black long hair, 81 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:34,000 where did you cut all your hair? 82 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,000 And then they even went with the machine. 83 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:38,000 Who cut your hair? 84 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:41,000 All the Germans, mostly. Only Germans. 85 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:45,000 I thought they were Germans. 86 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:48,000 But maybe they weren't. 87 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:53,000 They were Jews who were hairdressers, who were employed, you know. 88 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,000 But men to men, and women to women. 89 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:01,000 So I hadn't seen a man in the same dressing room. 90 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:04,000 Did they say anything when you were cut? 91 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:08,000 No, they didn't say anything. Not that I remember. 92 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:12,000 So afterwards, you see, we were cut down, 93 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:18,000 and put on this, and everyone got a number on the clothes. 94 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:22,000 And then we went to the barracks. 95 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:24,000 What number was that? 96 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,000 A-number. 97 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,000 I don't remember the number. 98 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:34,000 I had no idea that I was supposed to keep it, you see. 99 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,000 Maybe I should have done it later, 100 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:40,000 but there was so much misery afterwards, in Helsinki. 101 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:44,000 So we went to the barracks, and there was a block there, 102 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:46,000 but it wasn't a German. 103 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:48,000 Czech. 104 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,000 And Jewish. 105 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:55,000 As you know, the Germans had taken them, the Jews, 106 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:59,000 so they blocked out those who wanted to work. 107 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:02,000 They were older. 108 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:08,000 So we went into the barracks, and I saw these signs. 109 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:12,000 But everything went very fast. 110 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,000 We couldn't... 111 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:18,000 But at the same time, we didn't know what had happened. 112 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:23,000 Thirteen people came up on a bridge, 113 00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:29,000 and they just filled a broken blanket, 114 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,000 and the other clothes, and nothing else. 115 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:35,000 They came with the black bread, so little, 116 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,000 and bitter tea. 117 00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:39,000 We got this... 118 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,000 What's it called? 119 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:43,000 That the military drinks. 120 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:47,000 And I said, "I don't want to eat the bread, 121 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,000 "and I don't want to drink the tea on the first days." 122 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:53,000 "No, I don't want to." 123 00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:56,000 But it was bitter. 124 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,000 It was disgusting. 125 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,000 And the bread, too. 126 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:06,000 So we went out and stood by the bridge. 127 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:09,000 And when we got in, 128 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:16,000 I said, "God, so many boys." 129 00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,000 I thought all of them were boys. 130 00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:21,000 Their heads were down, you know. 131 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,000 But they all looked the same. 132 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:27,000 So we couldn't look at each other the way we looked. 133 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,000 No other way. 134 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:32,000 There was no mirror anywhere. 135 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,000 But then there was an appeal. 136 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:41,000 If it rained, if it thundered, it didn't matter. 137 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,000 So we stood out for several hours every day. 138 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:51,000 And you know, the Germans were going to torture us 139 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,000 just by standing there for several hours, 140 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,000 and you weren't allowed to move. 141 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:59,000 If you were allowed to move your head, you were. 142 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,000 That's when it started. 143 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,000 They beat us. 144 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,000 Who beat you? 145 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,000 The Germans. 146 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:10,000 And then, you know, you came back in, 147 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,000 and you asked... 148 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:16,000 you saw the big cross. 149 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,000 So you asked, "What is that big cross? It's smoking." 150 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:25,000 And then one of the boys said, "Oh, what is it?" 151 00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:30,000 "It's your mother and those who are burning there." 152 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:35,000 And you looked at them and said, "They're not really smart." 153 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:38,000 Because I didn't believe that. 154 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:42,000 I didn't believe it, and neither did the others. 155 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,000 So when the appeals were over, 156 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:51,000 my father-in-law and his daughter 157 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:54,000 lived in the other barracks next to me. 158 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:56,000 If I was in A, she was in B. 159 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:58,000 So when the appeals were over, 160 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:02,000 you could walk five minutes after the appeals 161 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,000 and talk quietly. 162 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,000 And she worked at the train station. 163 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:10,000 She worked there? 164 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:12,000 That's where the trains came in. 165 00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,000 And they cleaned it. 166 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:20,000 The dead, the bread and everything that was in the wagons. 167 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:23,000 And the Germans had all the valuables. 168 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,000 They took care of it. 169 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:30,000 And when she came every time, I asked her, 170 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:35,000 "Haven't you seen my mother with Irene?" 171 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:38,000 "Haven't you met them?" 172 00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:41,000 And she just hugged me every day. 173 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:44,000 She gave me some old bread. 174 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:52,000 And thanks to her, I wasn't hungry at the time. 175 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:55,000 And she hugged me on my cheek. 176 00:11:55,000 --> 00:12:01,000 She hugged me on my cheek and hugged me and didn't say anything. 177 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,000 Every time I asked her about my mother, 178 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,000 she just hugged me and didn't say anything. 179 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:12,000 And suddenly, after I wasn't... 180 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:14,000 We worked, you know. 181 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:16,000 We went to the field and worked. 182 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,000 And we dug paths, I don't remember. 183 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:26,000 But we had shotguns and spades, all of them. 184 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:30,000 And you had to sing, you know, because the Germans told you 185 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:33,000 that you had to do it. 186 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:36,000 And if they couldn't hit it away, 187 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:40,000 they hit the one who had the gun, who always got more. 188 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,000 Did you see when they hit? 189 00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:46,000 Yes, of course. I got hit too. 190 00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:49,000 I always thought that I had a headache. 191 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:52,000 That I got hit with a rubber band. 192 00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:56,000 Because if you just blinked on the side or something, 193 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,000 if it didn't fit them how you looked, 194 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:01,000 they hit you. 195 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:03,000 Who hit you? 196 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,000 All the German blockbusters. 197 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,000 And the Germans. 198 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:12,000 Those who counted and those who fit us. 199 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,000 They stood by us when we worked or when we went. 200 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:19,000 All the Germans stood by us and followed us. 201 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:24,000 We always had a rubber battalion. 202 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:26,000 And they had rifles. 203 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:31,000 What do you call a rifle in Swedish? 204 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:32,000 Rifle. 205 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:33,000 Rifle. 206 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:35,000 Rifle, so the Germans also called it. 207 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:37,000 Yes, but... 208 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:41,000 How long did you have to work? 209 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:42,000 How long? 210 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,000 Then we got soup, which nobody had. 211 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:49,000 But we were hungry, so we ate mostly cabbage. 212 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:53,000 I remember that so well. 213 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,000 In the beginning, it was the thicker soup. 214 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,000 Then it decreased, it became more watery. 215 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000 They had less food, right? 216 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:08,000 And then suddenly one day... 217 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:15,000 It was very important for us that we stayed together. 218 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,000 From the same town. 219 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,000 People. 220 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,000 Friends. 221 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000 We stayed together, maybe we were... 222 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:26,000 In that group, there were about 50 people. 223 00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:29,000 That's why I was young. 224 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:31,000 The others took them on the side. 225 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,000 And the gas chamber, right? 226 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:38,000 So we went to those who were employees. 227 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:42,000 So... 228 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:46,000 The others also from the same town, they ended up in another barrack. 229 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000 Because they came in another transport. 230 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,000 Not the same as me. 231 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:56,000 But we stayed very close together, maybe we were 50 people. 232 00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:00,000 And we were always together in that barrack. 233 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,000 Wherever we went, we were together. 234 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:07,000 So they would say that we should go and get our tattoos. 235 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:12,000 If we were in a queue, we were also together. 236 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,000 So suddenly we were in a queue. 237 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:19,000 And maybe I already had about 20 people in front of me. 238 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:23,000 And suddenly a German and someone came and said, 239 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000 "Yes, we need people." 240 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:26,000 I guess. 241 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:30,000 "We need people from somewhere else, from Auschwitz." 242 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:34,000 It didn't take more than 10 minutes, and we were already there. 243 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000 We didn't have anything to carry with us. 244 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:42,000 So we all left my town. 245 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,000 And we stayed together. 246 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,000 That's why I didn't get a number. 247 00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:52,000 There were so many people, you know. 248 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:56,000 I didn't want to get a lot of tattoos. 249 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:01,000 So I don't know if I should call it luck or bad luck. 250 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:05,000 That I got away from Auschwitz quickly. 251 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,000 That I wasn't there for so long. 252 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:10,000 Did you have any painful memories from Auschwitz? 253 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,000 Did you witness anything? 254 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,000 No, only that they beat up a lot of people. 255 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:23,000 And then the painful memory that I knew I didn't have a mother. 256 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,000 But I never wanted to believe it. 257 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:29,000 Because, you know, first of all, 258 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:35,000 we had to have the same powder in our food from the first day. 259 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,000 And we had no idea. 260 00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:39,000 Because women, you know. 261 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,000 That painful memory I also have. 262 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:47,000 That in the barracks babies were born. 263 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,000 They were pregnant. 264 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,000 And those pregnant women, you know, 265 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000 they didn't send them to the gas chamber. 266 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:57,000 They let the baby be born. 267 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:00,000 And then they took the baby from them. 268 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,000 Or at the excrement they killed the baby. 269 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:08,000 And I remember, you know, that they screamed at the mothers. 270 00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:10,000 They were hysterical. 271 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:18,000 And that also stays with me, a very, very painful memory. 272 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,000 Did you see when they came and took the baby? 273 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:24,000 Yes, I saw it twice. 274 00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:27,000 Who did it? 275 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,000 SS women. 276 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,000 If there was an SS with them. 277 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:35,000 They did it. 278 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:38,000 What happened to your mother then? 279 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,000 Then I left Auschwitz. 280 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:44,000 Then she wasn't with me, as far as I remember. 281 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:48,000 But her next step was also like Gelsenkirchen. 282 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:52,000 We arrived from Auschwitz to Gelsenkirchen. 283 00:17:52,000 --> 00:18:01,000 Also barracks, but it was not from Tegel or Tyg. 284 00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:03,000 What is it called now? 285 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:11,000 It was barracks, but it was from... 286 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:12,000 Tyg? 287 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:15,000 No, it's not called barracks. 288 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:18,000 It's called, shut up, a tent. 289 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000 Big military tents. 290 00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:21,000 And there we slept. 291 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:23,000 How were you transported? 292 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:25,000 By train. 293 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,000 How long did it take? 294 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000 I don't remember. 295 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:32,000 I don't remember. 296 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:36,000 How long, but it was bombed back and forth. 297 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:42,000 The tents were well equipped, better than in Auschwitz. 298 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:49,000 It was very good compared to Auschwitz. 299 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:53,000 The food was better, the soups were thicker. 300 00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:58,000 And we had to work at... 301 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:02,000 It was a central. 302 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:06,000 And there we had to work and built... 303 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:09,000 Repaired scenes and such. 304 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:13,000 And there I also have a memory of being born. 305 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:17,000 A mother who was born baby on the train. 306 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,000 And I remember that very well. 307 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:23,000 That she became very naughty. 308 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,000 I remember that. 309 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,000 Then we were there not so long. 310 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:34,000 So thanks to the fact that we had held together. 311 00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:38,000 We also asked, who wants to go to Essen? 312 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,000 To another factory. 313 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,000 Then we discussed with all our friends. 314 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,000 Should we go, should we not go? 315 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,000 What should we do? 316 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:54,000 Then we decided with all our friends that we would go. 317 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,000 So we went to Essen. 318 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:58,000 From Gelsenkirchen. 319 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:02,000 They said, then you will work in a factory. 320 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:05,000 You always heard something positive about it. 321 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:08,000 That we decided to go. 322 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,000 But it was also a fate. 323 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,000 I also believe a lot in fate. 324 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,000 What happens, happens. 325 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,000 So nothing helped. 326 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:19,000 It was the intention that we should go from there. 327 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,000 Because after two days... 328 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:27,000 All tents and the whole train station were bombed. 329 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,000 People died. 330 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:33,000 For most who stayed. 331 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:36,000 How were you transported to Essen? 332 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,000 Also by train. 333 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:41,000 So we came to Essen. 334 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:43,000 It was in Germany. 335 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,000 It was a big town. 336 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:50,000 There was an ammunition factory. 337 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:55,000 There we also had very nice barracks, as I remember. 338 00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,000 But it was from wood. 339 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:04,000 There we also got good food. 340 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,000 Then we went by train to the factories. 341 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,000 Every day from morning to evening. 342 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:11,000 How were you guarded there? 343 00:21:11,000 --> 00:21:13,000 Everything, all the time the Germans. 344 00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:16,000 Then there were trusted superiors in the factory. 345 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,000 Some were devilish and others were not devilish. 346 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:25,000 I had a German who hired me. 347 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:29,000 A girl hired me to work in an ammunition factory. 348 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000 I have been a blacksmith. 349 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,000 I have been a blacksmith, can you imagine? 350 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:37,000 In that factory. 351 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,000 There were different jobs. 352 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:45,000 A German who had taught me or stood next to me. 353 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:50,000 He felt very sorry for me. 354 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,000 He brought me a comb. 355 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:56,000 The hair began to grow on me. 356 00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:58,000 He brought me a comb. 357 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:00,000 I did not have a comb. 358 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:02,000 He always gave me something. 359 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:04,000 Was he German? 360 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:07,000 Yes, he was a German worker. 361 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:11,000 He hired me as their foreman. 362 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:13,000 He was a devil. 363 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:16,000 But you know, you were not allowed to work there. 364 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:19,000 If you were allowed to stay a second, he would scream. 365 00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:22,000 The other German. 366 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:25,000 I was so sad. 367 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,000 I thought of my mother. 368 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:29,000 I thought of you. 369 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:37,000 My other friends, who were older, had no sisters. 370 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:42,000 My mother said, "Hold on to the bank and to the daughter." 371 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,000 Then I was happy. 372 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:48,000 I said, "How nice that my mother is not with me." 373 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:53,000 That I do not have to see her get beaten. 374 00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:58,000 Because she got to see and share the little food. 375 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:02,000 They were hungry. 376 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,000 What did you do when you sat down in the evening? 377 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:08,000 You were so hungry that you always cooked food. 378 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:09,000 You know. 379 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:12,000 You have cooked in pretend. 380 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:16,000 That we have cooked food. 381 00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:20,000 Therefore I knew how to cook food. 382 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,000 At home I did not know anything, so I did not cook food. 383 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:25,000 But she told me. 384 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:29,000 Now Clary and mom asked you, "What do you want to eat, Clary?" 385 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,000 "Would you eat now?" 386 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,000 She heard in the ghetto that mom asked me, 387 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:37,000 "Clary, what are you going to eat for dinner?" 388 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:41,000 "This, this, this, this." 389 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,000 I told her that I had been dismissed. 390 00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:49,000 Then she said, "That aunt in Auschwitz is in the camp for a long time." 391 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:52,000 She only survived to Bergen-Belsen. 392 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,000 And there she died. 393 00:23:55,000 --> 00:24:03,000 When we got to this place, I cried. 394 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,000 I could not bear it. 395 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:11,000 You know, to take such large pieces of iron and blow them. 396 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:22,000 When I prayed to God. 397 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:26,000 And I do not understand. 398 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:33,000 I prayed to God, "Please God, can you not make the factory be bombed down?" 399 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:37,000 I thought that when it was bombed down, I would not have to work. 400 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:43,000 And you know, after five minutes of flying, we went to the bunker. 401 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,000 And it was on the ground. 402 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:50,000 The factory was not there. 403 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:53,000 But it did not help. 404 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,000 Because then we had to rob instead. 405 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:59,000 With shotguns and rob everything. 406 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:01,000 Every day. 407 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:04,000 Then the railway car was also bombed down. 408 00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:06,000 And then we had to walk. 409 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:08,000 Very far. 410 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:14,000 And then my shoes started to wear out. 411 00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,000 And winter began to come. 412 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:22,000 And then we got, we did not have any clothes. 413 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:31,000 So one time, old clothes that were taken off in Auschwitz. 414 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:34,000 They have sent to different camps. 415 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:38,000 And it was all the clothes that people had worn. 416 00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:43,000 So a transport came with old clothes, of course, to our camp. 417 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:56,000 And I have seen my dress on one who worked in the camp. 418 00:25:56,000 --> 00:26:01,000 But the only thing I had, my shoes, still. 419 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:03,000 So it's somewhat long. 420 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:06,000 But then when winter began to come. 421 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:15,000 Then it broke and then you tied newspapers, what you could get around the feet. 422 00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:21,000 Then you also got a little old hat, a scarf or you know, with the transporters. 423 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:23,000 How was it distributed? 424 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,000 Distributed, they saw how you looked. 425 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:29,000 What size they threw. 426 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,000 Then they threw one hat, one scarf. 427 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:35,000 So you had to be satisfied with what you got. 428 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:42,000 And then it happened again, that the train was down and we had to walk several kilometers. 429 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,000 Of course, the shoes did not hold. 430 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:49,000 And then winter came and then it started to be bombed. 431 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,000 The barracks we lived in. 432 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:55,000 Then it was with the fire bombs, you know. 433 00:26:55,000 --> 00:27:01,000 And then we had to move, because there were no barracks left. 434 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:04,000 Then we had to move some cellars in the same place. 435 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:10,000 Cellars that they have put in beds and bridges and stuff. 436 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:13,000 But it dropped water. 437 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:17,000 We had no water to wash ourselves. 438 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:21,000 And then you started to get light, you know. 439 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:27,000 And then I was also so sad, the same thing happened. 440 00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:29,000 Sad and crying. 441 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:32,000 And then you got less and less bread. 442 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:37,000 So I wondered about those who had siblings. 443 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:43,000 They were four siblings from the same town, so I know the names. 444 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:46,000 Two of them survived, they live in Australia. 445 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:54,000 Then they shared my bread every time, you know. 446 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:58,000 When they were four siblings, they got four pieces of bread. 447 00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:06,000 So every time they shared one piece of bread, four small pieces. 448 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,000 And they knew where I was smiling. 449 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:13,000 "You have a smile more", they said to each other. 450 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:16,000 "Mine is bigger and yours is smaller." 451 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:18,000 "On smiles, you know." 452 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:22,000 "Now you get to eat up the smiles, next time the other sister." 453 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,000 When they shared. 454 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:32,000 I had a friend, my best friend, who died next to me in Bergen-Belsen. 455 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,000 Her name is Margit. 456 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:40,000 And we tried to be like siblings. 457 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,000 The two of us. 458 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:47,000 We shared what we had. 459 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,000 With each other. 460 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:54,000 Or I went out to the yard and we had to dig in the dirt. 461 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,000 Or we had to cook in the kitchen. 462 00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:03,000 In the barracks we got some cabbage, or half a root. 463 00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:08,000 Or we got an onion, which was half a root. 464 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:10,000 So we always shared. 465 00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:13,000 We were very kind to each other. 466 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,000 She and I. 467 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:17,000 And we lay next to each other. 468 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,000 We have always stayed together. 469 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:23,000 Now I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 470 00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:27,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 471 00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:29,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 472 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:31,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 473 00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:33,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 474 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:35,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 475 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 476 00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:39,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 477 00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:41,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 478 00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 479 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:45,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 480 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 481 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:49,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 482 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 483 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:55,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 484 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 485 00:29:57,000 --> 00:29:59,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 486 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 487 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:03,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 488 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 489 00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:07,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 490 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 491 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:11,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 492 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:13,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 493 00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:15,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 494 00:30:15,000 --> 00:30:17,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 495 00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:19,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 496 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:21,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 497 00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:23,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 498 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:25,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape. 499 00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:27,000 I'm going to interrupt because we're going to change the tape.