1
00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:03,000
 It's...

2
00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:10,000
 How should I spell it for you?

3
00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:47,000
 My name is Lucien Braugnard. Today is March 28, 1996. I will interview Clary Rosenblom, and we are in Stockholm, Sweden.

4
00:00:55,000 --> 00:01:00,000
 Clary, can you give us your first name and letter?

5
00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:11,000
 My name is Clary Rosenblom, and my first name is K-L-A-R-E.

6
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:28,000
 Rosenblom, R-O-S-B-O-U. And L, what is it?

7
00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:33,000
 Good. Can you give us your girl's name?

8
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:42,000
 My name is Hirsch, H-I-R-C-H.

9
00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,000
 Your date of birth?

10
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:49,000
 1927, 15th of June.

11
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:52,000
 Your age?

12
00:01:52,000 --> 00:02:00,000
 68.

13
00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:03,000
 Your birth city?

14
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:08,000
 Pagnola, in Ången.

15
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:15,000
 Can you tell us about when you were little, where you lived, and how you lived?

16
00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:27,000
 I remember when I was little, I had a little white dress, and I was five years old.

17
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:40,000
 I remember that we had apple trees, and I was always dressed in white shoes.

18
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:48,000
 And my mother was there, and I climbed into the mud.

19
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:54,000
 I remember that, and my uncle was there at the same time, and he laughed.

20
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,000
 How did the house look like?

21
00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:10,000
 I don't remember, but it was probably a stone house, with a garden.

22
00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:14,000
 I know that we had a lot of fruit trees.

23
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:24,000
 But we moved from Pagnola to Tarpa, where my grandparents lived.

24
00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:30,000
 And there I grew up, until 1944.

25
00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:32,000
 Can you tell us about...

26
00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:40,000
 There we also had a house, with horses. We had a stable, so we had horses.

27
00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:51,000
 And even though my dad had bought a cow for my mom, she wanted us to have our own milk.

28
00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:57,000
 So we didn't have to go to others, because it wasn't as big as we lived.

29
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:05,000
 It was 5-6 thousand inhabitants, and possibly 25 Jewish families.

30
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:11,000
 It wasn't that small, it wasn't a society, it wasn't a small village.

31
00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:14,000
 It was a municipality.

32
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:18,000
 How old were you when you moved from the little house?

33
00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:27,000
 This house with the garden? I moved from Pagnola when I was 5 years old.

34
00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:33,000
 Can you describe your family when you moved into the house?

35
00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:39,000
 We lived in two places in the house I grew up in.

36
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,000
 But it was also a house.

37
00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:50,000
 I can describe exactly... I had a sister, she was born in 1935.

38
00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:56,000
 I remember it so well, because I was given a water cup, so I wasn't allowed to stay at home.

39
00:04:56,000 --> 00:05:00,000
 I was allowed to stay with my grandmother.

40
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:08,000
 It was May, 1935.

41
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,000
 There we also had fruit trees.

42
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:20,000
 We lived very centrally, always there.

43
00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:25,000
 I lived very close to a circus.

44
00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:31,000
 There were circuses that walked around here.

45
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:35,000
 I was very happy, because we also had a stable.

46
00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:43,000
 The circus people could rent our stable for their horses.

47
00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:48,000
 I was always allowed to go to a circus for free.

48
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:54,000
 How many family members were there in your house?

49
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:59,000
 Just us, no one else.

50
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:06,000
 We had two buildings, a winter building and a summer building.

51
00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:12,000
 The climate there was very warm.

52
00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:17,000
 My father was a merchant.

53
00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:22,000
 He had always rented very large fruit trees.

54
00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:29,000
 They had packed them for export with paper, fruit and everything.

55
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:34,000
 I was allowed to come with them, I remember that.

56
00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:37,000
 I was actually quite a spoiled child.

57
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,000
 I didn't want to eat anything.

58
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:48,000
 I always expected to be asked what I wanted.

59
00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:51,000
 If I wanted, I said no.

60
00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:53,000
 What did your mother do?

61
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:57,000
 She was a housewife.

62
00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:02,000
 Sometimes we had an intruder.

63
00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:10,000
 We had a boy named Drenk who tried to steal wagons and horses.

64
00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:12,000
 Did you have a pet?

65
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,000
 Yes, a dog.

66
00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:16,000
 What was the name of the dog?

67
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:22,000
 I have a picture of the dog that I will show you later.

68
00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:28,000
 I had a child who was very dear to me.

69
00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:32,000
 I had grandparents in the same town.

70
00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:39,000
 When I started going to school, I knew that I didn't go home in the afternoons.

71
00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:45,000
 I went to my grandmother's house because I knew that my mother was there.

72
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:49,000
 Did your parents go to the synagogue?

73
00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:56,000
 Yes, my father went to the synagogue every morning when he was home.

74
00:07:56,000 --> 00:08:00,000
 He traveled a lot.

75
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:09,000
 He always went to the synagogue every morning when he was home.

76
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:18,000
 We were not very religious, but my great-grandparents were very religious.

77
00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:23,000
 My great-grandparents also went to the synagogue every morning and evening.

78
00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:27,000
 Which friends and acquaintances did you have in school?

79
00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:33,000
 I had many different friends in school.

80
00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:37,000
 I had a bestie named Valeria.

81
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:44,000
 She survived and now lives in Canada.

82
00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:47,000
 I had many, many friends.

83
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:50,000
 It was not very social.

84
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,000
 We were all around each other.

85
00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:56,000
 Was it a Jewish school?

86
00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:01,000
 No, we didn't have a Jewish school in this town.

87
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:05,000
 We had a reformed school.

88
00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:08,000
 I went there, like everyone else.

89
00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:22,000
 There were Catholics and Protestants, but not Jews and Catholics.

90
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:27,000
 Only Protestants were there.

91
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:32,000
 But that was the school I went to, like everyone else.

92
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:37,000
 Did you have Jewish and non-Jewish parents?

93
00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:40,000
 Yes, we did have Jewish parents.

94
00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:46,000
 But my father had many friends who were Christians.

95
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:54,000
 He was very religious.

96
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:59,000
 For example, I had a uncle who survived the war.

97
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:05,000
 When we went to his town, they called for him.

98
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:09,000
 They thought that my father had survived.

99
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:12,000
 How did you know that you were Jewish?

100
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:18,000
 It was very normal for us to be traditional Jews.

101
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:23,000
 We had churches at home.

102
00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:26,000
 You know what that is.

103
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:31,000
 I didn't know any Jewish family that didn't have one.

104
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,000
 It was very obvious.

105
00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,000
 Did you celebrate the Jewish holidays?

106
00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:41,000
 Yes, a lot, a lot, a lot.

107
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:46,000
 We celebrated them a lot.

108
00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:52,000
 My father was very careful when we celebrated.

109
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:56,000
 Did you have...?

110
00:10:56,000 --> 00:11:09,000
 When my sister was 35, I was almost 8 years old.

111
00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:14,000
 Did you have any painful memories from that time?

112
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:22,000
 No, I didn't just have that I was a bit jealous of my sister.

113
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:26,000
 But it's quite natural to know now.

114
00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:32,000
 When I went somewhere, it was so obvious that she would follow me.

115
00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:35,000
 As usual.

116
00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:43,000
 But I have a very nice memory from 1939.

117
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:48,000
 I was a teenager then.

118
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:53,000
 I had a beautiful memory.

119
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:59,000
 My mom and dad would look at me and say that I was beautiful.

120
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:03,000
 They knew that my family was very important.

121
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:08,000
 My parents were very loving towards the children.

122
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:13,000
 Everything was first for the children, I remember that.

123
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:21,000
 Because the roots, I think the home, are very important.

124
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:27,000
 I also remember that my dad was very, very wonderful.

125
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:34,000
 And my mom too, but she got sick when I was 12 or 13.

126
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:40,000
 I had a brother-in-law after me.

127
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:45,000
 He was six months old when he died.

128
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,000
 I don't know why, I don't remember.

129
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:57,000
 But I know that my mom didn't become the person I understand today.

130
00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:01,000
 Then you didn't understand it.

131
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:06,000
 He was buried where I was born.

132
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:13,000
 My grandparents lived in the same place where I was born.

133
00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,000
 So I always went there.

134
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:20,000
 I wanted to go there, because I had cousins there.

135
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:23,000
 I always wanted to be with my grandparents.

136
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:27,000
 So I always went to the cemetery.

137
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,000
 To my brother.

138
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:35,000
 I remember that my sister didn't even live there.

139
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:41,000
 There was a lot of love between me and my sister.

140
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:46,000
 Because I was a little mom to her.

141
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:54,000
 I didn't want to play anything and I didn't like the violin.

142
00:13:54,000 --> 00:14:00,000
 Everyone wanted to play it.

143
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:02,000
 My sister did it.

144
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000
 What hobbies did you have at that time?

145
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:09,000
 What hobbies? Singing and dancing.

146
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,000
 I went to dance school when I was 13.

147
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:16,000
 That was the last year with my dad.

148
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,000
 Did you read any books?

149
00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:25,000
 Yes, love novels.

150
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:30,000
 Did you have a radio at home?

151
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000
 We had a radio the last years.

152
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:39,000
 But it didn't really work.

153
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:47,000
 I remember that we had it, but it didn't work when the war started.

154
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:53,000
 When did you start to have some problems?

155
00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:56,000
 No, I didn't have any.

156
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:01,000
 The only time that I have experienced, two times,

157
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:06,000
 was when I felt that I was different.

158
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:13,000
 One time, someone who came from America said to me,

159
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:18,000
 "What are you doing here, you Jews? Aren't you supposed to go to Palestine?"

160
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:23,000
 I looked at him and wondered if he wasn't really smart.

161
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:26,000
 "Palestine", you know?

162
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:34,000
 It was as if it was so far away that you couldn't go there at that time.

163
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:40,000
 I thought he wasn't really smart.

164
00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:49,000
 And then at school, I experienced that I wasn't allowed to write on Saturdays,

165
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:53,000
 because we had a holiday on Shabbat.

166
00:15:53,000 --> 00:16:00,000
 But I was allowed to go to school anyway, without writing.

167
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:05,000
 So we listened, because at that time you went to school on Saturdays.

168
00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:12,000
 But then they were always waiting for lunch. My dad went to the synagogue on Saturdays.

169
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,000
 And it was so strange, because we didn't have food on Saturdays.

170
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:21,000
 So they were always waiting outside.

171
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:23,000
 I remember that so well.

172
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:31,000
 I was supposed to come from school, and they were waiting for me with the Shabbat lunch.

173
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:36,000
 And I came crying, you know.

174
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:42,000
 And some boy spat on me.

175
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:48,000
 And I wasn't used to this place where I lived,

176
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:54,000
 because I had very good friends who were Christians.

177
00:16:54,000 --> 00:17:02,000
 So my dad ran after the boy and spat on him.

178
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:06,000
 And he said, "Do you dare to do it one more time?"

179
00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,000
 They never did it. That's the only memory I have.

180
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:15,000
 And then there was another memory from school that I told you about.

181
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:23,000
 I went to the third grade, and I was actually very, very careful and pedantic.

182
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:27,000
 She always picked me up at school and looked at my nails.

183
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:31,000
 At that time, she looked at my nails to see if they were really washed or not.

184
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:35,000
 So she always picked me up as an example.

185
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:44,000
 But I have made a stain on my notebook with a pen.

186
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:48,000
 And she was probably an anti-Semitic.

187
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:58,000
 So she put the notebook on my back and let me go with two other non-Jews, Jewish children,

188
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:06,000
 around all classes, maybe four, five, I don't know, many classes in that department.

189
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,000
 Several floors.

190
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:15,000
 And it took me to follow it all my life, until today.

191
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:18,000
 What was written on the notebook?

192
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:22,000
 Nothing. They just wanted to see how stained my notebook was.

193
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:25,000
 Nothing else.

194
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:28,000
 Because then you didn't know.

195
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,000
 What happened next? Did you tell your father?

196
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:33,000
 Yes, I told him at home.

197
00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:38,000
 And my father was a very good friend, you know, with the principal and so on.

198
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:49,000
 Not only because I went to school, but also because he was a shopkeeper, so everyone knew him.

199
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:57,000
 So I told him, and my father went up to that teacher and said,

200
00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:10,000
 "If you try to show it to her, because I was a student who didn't deserve it,

201
00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:17,000
 do it. If my father has said it, then you will have to do it with me."

202
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:23,000
 Because how can an adult carry herself against a child?

203
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:29,000
 She didn't want to make stains on her notebook.

204
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:34,000
 It happened when you wrote with this ink.

205
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:38,000
 So you always had to do it by hand.

206
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:42,000
 And you were terrified. The more terrified you were, the worse it got.

207
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,000
 What year was that?

208
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:47,000
 I don't know how old I could have been.

209
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:51,000
 I don't think I would have gone to third grade.

210
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:53,000
 That's what I remember.

211
00:19:53,000 --> 00:20:00,000
 And after she was very scared, her two older sisters were not married.

212
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:06,000
 So they also taught the teacher at this reformatory school.

213
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:17,000
 And then she was so scared that it was very important to bring books home to them.

214
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:24,000
 I don't know if you can imagine it.

215
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:34,000
 It was a very important task for the teacher to carry their books home.

216
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:37,000
 They did it just like children.

217
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:40,000
 I think it was also a downgrade.

218
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:45,000
 I can also tell you another episode about a downgrade.

219
00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:50,000
 We had a housemaid.

220
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:55,000
 And my mom said that she was allowed to clean dad's shoes.

221
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:57,000
 But not yours.

222
00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:00,000
 You were allowed to clean your own shoes.

223
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:08,000
 That's why it's very downgraded if someone never takes someone else's shoes to clean.

224
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:13,000
 I don't know if you have experienced it or heard about it from others.

225
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:16,000
 I don't know.

226
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,000
 But I had to clean my own shoes.

227
00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:24,000
 I had to clean my own coat.

228
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:29,000
 And you know how it was when I was already 10 years old.

229
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000
 I didn't know how to clean my shoes.

230
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:36,000
 I don't remember when I was a child.

231
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:40,000
 Did you witness any incidents against Jews in the city?

232
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:45,000
 I have witnessed nothing against Jews.

233
00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:58,000
 I have witnessed that all religious Jews went to our school at the same time.

234
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:03,000
 They had a lot of children, maybe 8-10 children.

235
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:08,000
 And they were very poor.

236
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:13,000
 And maybe they weren't that good either.

237
00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:23,000
 So the housemaid picked them out and let them be humiliated.

238
00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:30,000
 She was the only housemaid who followed me all my life.

239
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:34,000
 When did you and your family experience any problems?

240
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:39,000
 When my father went to the military in 1939.

241
00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:43,000
 Everything was going in and out.

242
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:51,000
 That's when I started to feel that my childhood had been destroyed.

243
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:55,000
 I remember how we had it.

244
00:22:55,000 --> 00:23:01,000
 My uncle was in the military. Everyone was supposed to be in the military.

245
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:06,000
 And since we had a farm and a single house,

246
00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:12,000
 they set up military guns at our house.

247
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,000
 We didn't know if an airplane was coming.

248
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:25,000
 It was a big event in my life that they set up guns at our house.

249
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:36,000
 When I think about it, I was not more than 8-9 years old.

250
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:40,000
 What was your father's job in the army?

251
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:44,000
 He was a regular soldier.

252
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:51,000
 At that time, you weren't allowed to have Jews.

253
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,000
 How long did you live in that house?

254
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:58,000
 When my sister was born, we moved from there.

255
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:05,000
 We lived in that house until 1944.

256
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:13,000
 What happened between 1939 and 1944 in the city that marked you?

257
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:17,000
 It marked me that my father was in the military.

258
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:26,000
 He wasn't able to run his business as well as he used to.

259
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,000
 I noticed that.

260
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:36,000
 I had a friend, Valeria, a Vestis, and her father was deaf.

261
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,000
 So he couldn't go to the military.

262
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:43,000
 But he didn't do anything either, so they had a very bad economy.

263
00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:48,000
 When my father was in the military, other friends were in the military as well.

264
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:58,000
 At that age, many of our acquaintances were young.

265
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:06,000
 My father was not more than 37-39 years old.

266
00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:13,000
 He was 40 when we came home.

267
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:17,000
 In the house, you talked about anti-Semitism.

268
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:23,000
 Did you get to know what was happening to other Jews in other countries?

269
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,000
 Yes, we heard everything.

270
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:30,000
 But I didn't hear it as a child.

271
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:38,000
 The grown-ups would hear it on the radio, and they would always stand around and discuss it.

272
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:43,000
 Then the news came several times a day.

273
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:49,000
 But I wasn't involved in it.

274
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:56,000
 I remember that my father was often in the military.

275
00:25:56,000 --> 00:26:01,000
 Of course, it affected me as an innocent child.

276
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:10,000
 Maybe I didn't get a new coat or shoes until the fall.

277
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:16,000
 So those memories were painful for me.

278
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:24,000
 Because today, just like their fathers, other Jews were sent home.

279
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:30,000
 I remember an episode that is very important in my life.

280
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:39,000
 My father was in the military, and as I told you, every afternoon I went to see my grandmother.

281
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:45,000
 Especially when my father wasn't home, my mother was always there.

282
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:52,000
 So I went to see my grandmother, and she said, "Daddy has come home on leave."

283
00:26:52,000 --> 00:27:00,000
 It was a long time ago, but I still have it in front of my eyes.

284
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:06,000
 My grandmother lived on one side of the city, and I lived on the other.

285
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:12,000
 I ran and didn't stop breathing, I ran all the way.

286
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:18,000
 I was so happy that my father came home, because it was the longest time he hadn't been home.

287
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:23,000
 I remember that he had taken a bath, or something like that, while he was in bed.

288
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:30,000
 When I came home, he was tired.

289
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:36,000
 As I understand it today, it was a big day to be in the military.

290
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,000
 It was tiring.

291
00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:50,000
 I remember so well that I came into the house and couldn't breathe.

292
00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:56,000
 I just fell on my father and cried.

293
00:27:56,000 --> 00:28:00,000
 I wasn't that old, and I cried.

294
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,000
 He comforted me.

295
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:10,000
 My mother had already told me that I couldn't wear a headscarf.

296
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:14,000
 He thought that I was sad.

297
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:22,000
 He said, "You know that Christmas is always around."

298
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:28,000
 "You'll see that I'll be home soon, and then we'll go shopping."

299
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:33,000
 It was a memory of my childhood.

300
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:03,000
 For more UN videos visit: www.un.org/webcast

301
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:33,000
 UN Video - U.S. Embassy in the Philippines